Outlook stores all your email information in a single file of the pst format. The error code 0×80040600 means that this has become corrupt.

Ensure that you’re system is configured to show hidden files and folders.

Go to the Start Menu and select Control Panel. From the left sidebar ensure that Classic View is selected. Now look for the Folders icon and double click to launch it. In the dialog that opens select the second tab: View. Somewhere in this list there is an option to Show hidden files and folders that you should check. Once your done click Apply and then close the dialog.

Now it’s time to find your Outlook Data File.

If you can’t find it you can use Outlook to show you where it is. Open Outlook, go to the top menu and select File >> Data File Management. This opens a dialog with a list of your Outlook data files. The main one is normally called Personal Folders. Make a note of the file path shown beside the folder name. It will be something like the one shown above.

Fixing your corrupt Outlook Data File.

EXIT OUTLOOK BEFORE YOU DO THIS.

Microsoft provide you with a tool to fix Corrupt Outlook datafiles.
The file is called SCANPST.EXE and it resides here:

C:/Program Files/Common Files/System/MSMAPI/1033/SCANPST.EXE

Make sure Outlook isn’t running and double click SCANPST.EXE to run.

In the dialogue that opens, use the Browse button to locate the Outlook data file (pst) from above.

That’s all!